What does a Network Access Control List (ACL) do?

The function of a Network Access Control List (ACL) is to control access to network resources by specifying rules that allow or deny certain types of inbound and outbound traffic. This component is essential for managing network security, as it defines which connections are permissible based on IP addresses, protocols, and ports.

When an incoming or outgoing request matches a rule in the ACL, it is either permitted or blocked, based on how the rules are configured. This helps prevent unauthorized access and aids in enforcing security policies across a network. The ability to fine-tune network traffic at such a granular level is critical for maintaining a secure environment.

The other options, while relevant to various aspects of information security or network management, do not pertain to the primary function of a Network Access Control List. IAM permissions, data encryption, and cost calculations are related to different specialized areas within network and information security, but they do not describe the primary role of an ACL in network traffic management.