What component automatically distributes incoming traffic across multiple targets?

The component that automatically distributes incoming traffic across multiple targets is known as Elastic Load Balancers. This service plays a critical role in ensuring that application traffic is balanced, which helps improve the availability and fault tolerance of applications. It operates by routing incoming requests to multiple backend servers, known as targets, in a manner that optimizes resource usage and minimizes response times.

Elastic Load Balancers can adapt to varying levels of incoming traffic, which allows them to manage and scale the load across registered targets efficiently. This ensures that no single instance becomes a bottleneck, enhancing the overall performance and reliability of applications.

The other options, while important within the AWS ecosystem, serve different purposes. Auto Scaling Groups manage the number of active instances based on demand but do not specifically handle traffic distribution. AWS Elastic Beanstalk is a platform as a service that simplifies application deployment but relies on Elastic Load Balancers for traffic distribution. AWS CloudFormation automates the setup of resources in a cloud environment through code, but it does not directly control traffic. Each of these components plays a part in maintaining application efficiency, but Elastic Load Balancers are specifically designed for traffic distribution.